PULSECHAIN / ARBITRUM / PDAI / LIBERTY: VERIFIED CONNECTIONS
Read-only forensic review, 18 October 2026 Europe/Amsterdam.
Principal chain snapshot: PulseChain 27,824,343, 17 October 2026 23:27:55 UTC.
Sub-audits use nearby pins 27,824,339-343, recorded in each request.
Fork comparison: block 17,233,000, 10 May 2023 22:52:51 UTC.

FINDINGS
There is a direct, measured pDAI connection to the forked Arbitrum infrastructure: Maker's separate DAI escrow inherited 159,145,134.987187630840187249 pDAI. Two successful withdrawals emptied it. The large withdrawal occurred in September 2023 and was followed by liquidation into PLS. This is not a hypothetical bridge balance or a misidentified Omnibridge token.

The examined SequencerInbox really belongs to this Rollup, as proven by mutual getters, but its sequencing counters have not advanced since the fork. Fresh assertions and withdrawals on the parent-chain contracts do not independently establish a live, correctly executed child chain.

Maker's Teleport infrastructure supplies a separate structural mint route. It has no observed post-fork usage, and its ARB-ONE-A domain currently has zero effective mint capacity. Neither the ordinary escrow withdrawal nor the supplied Liberty purchases require a new Sky governance action.

Ca6f did try to execute 48Fc's specific proposal. It concerned Reserve/hyUSD, and failed. The Liberty-related funding transactions are real, but several are customer settlement or lending operations rather than evidence of common ownership.

1. THE MISSING PDAI ESCROW
PulseChain canonical pDAI: 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f
DAI-specific Arbitrum L1 gateway: 0xd3b5b60020504bc3489d6949d545893982ba3011
Separate escrow: 0xa10c7ce4b876998858b1a9e12b10092229539400
L2 DAI counterpart: 0xda10009cbd5d07dd0cecc66161fc93d7c9000da1
L2 DAI gateway counterpart: 0x467194771dae2967aef3ecbedd3bf9a310c76c65

Sky's original Arbitrum-DAI repository explicitly identifies this separate escrow. The DAI-specific gateway releases already escrowed parent-chain DAI; the child-chain gateway handles its separate token representation. A balance check on the generic ERC20 gateway alone misses this DAI reserve.

Opening balance: 159,145,134.987187630840187249 pDAI.
Post-fork incoming Transfer events: zero.
Post-fork outgoing Transfer events: two.
Closing balance: zero.
The two withdrawals sum to the opening balance exactly, using integer token units.

Withdrawal 1:
4 September 2023 14:30:45 UTC, block 18,225,801.
Amount: 159,144,999.999999991013703680 pDAI.
Caller and recipient: 0xcb5cf20b3e413b6984ae2c685a1ec151ad3736e2.
Top-level wrapper: 0x5163d3c16e0b76c2b45a59ed20b7d8913bbb44d1.
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0xa7414c090b9430f71219a44669bdd15706d08a181c15bb26b0ac86f9fa25bb28

Withdrawal 2:
1 September 2026 13:43:25 UTC, block 27,434,956.
Amount: 134.987187639826483569 pDAI.
Caller: 0xfbba783afda7b41ebb7473a914f0b6eb9f9139f3.
Recipient: 0xa0b347117a878da9942fa5c31b87c773a2969913.
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0xe2fc714214d0ca72f2d8f2c45486f30763766ad3d4250cab73ae285465bb1645

Both successful traces reach the DAI gateway and DAI.transferFrom(escrow,recipient,amount). Neither withdrawal calls DAI.mint. They release inherited pDAI stock; they are not new issuance or receipts of backed Ethereum DAI.

ROOT ADMISSION FOR THE LARGE WITHDRAWAL
The withdrawal proof contains 17 siblings at output index 87953. Reconstructing its Merkle root gives:
0x21728ec89a33fa8f916fcd625a93b7b0fb2a5e13758e4ec571cffe79dbb2379c

That exact root was accepted in NodeConfirmed for node 5229 at block 18,225,799, only two blocks / 20 seconds before the withdrawal:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0xa64e90b22c3838b9dd44a3be3cabcb1dd18514cff10486ce49a68fff17ab830e

The same cb5cf address called the same wrapper. The trace goes through Rollup.confirmNextNode(bytes32,bytes32) and then Outbox.updateSendRoot. This is the ordinary confirmNextNode selector, not proof of a privileged forceConfirm call. The confirmed claimed L2 block hash is literally 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011.

The historical Outbox implementation was the standard proof-checking implementation. The evidence proves that the proof matched a root freshly admitted on PulseChain. It does not independently establish a real child-chain burn or correct execution of an L2 state transition. The placeholder-like block hash and unchanged sequencing stream make an ordinary live-Arbitrum interpretation unsupported. Full independent Nitro state replay was not performed.

2. WHERE THE 159.145M WENT
cb5cf forwarded the withdrawn amount in four transfers to:
0x17de88a045c537d0f36ce6700b9709b90861244c

On 5-6 September 2023, this address used executor:
0xf9c7166cbd7c10810536f09136221e85251d6858

All 28 selected liquidation transactions succeeded; their receipts and full traces were checked. They consumed 159,144,999 pDAI:
- 39,369,959.754 pDAI through Maker PSM 0x89b78cfa322f6c5de0abceecab66aee45393cc5a, burned via DaiJoin in return for forked USDC, subsequently swapped.
- 53,614,719.668 pDAI into pool 0x947b4633e32e0c7f2c76753b43f008480715416d.
- 66,160,319.578 pDAI into pool 0xae8429918fdbf9a5867e3243697637dc56aa76a1.

Total native output to 17de:
4,251,213,736.024440079156912700 PLS, before that address's gas costs.
This is gross on-chain PLS received, not a dollar valuation, bank cash-out or net profit.

Example liquidation:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x2fda8800bd977ac8a185c920ecc3a369665b80a6ec2cfb79270eea218f87b527
The archive contains all 28 hashes and per-transaction amounts in flows/liquidation.csv.

No connection from this bounded escrow-to-liquidation path to the 777 wallet was established. The 2023 recipient must not be labelled 5996, 48Fc or a present-day administrator merely because those addresses later used the same infrastructure.

The earlier CRV withdrawal is also real: 3,205,223.797939043808628930 CRV moved from the generic ERC20 gateway to 0x42543853a72edb6f1ff9bddab0cf4676187ec28a at block 21,325,924:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0xaeddb6a0e68f4c53af47df47393a1c69d1c1b776a86e069d714e249a419190ec
It is therefore incorrect to treat CRV as the only demonstrated token outflow from this forked Arbitrum infrastructure.

3. WHICH CONTRACTS BELONG TO THE ROLLUP?
Verified through cross-referencing view getters, not name matching:
Rollup:          0x5ef0d09d1e6204141b4d37530808ed19f60fba35
Bridge:          0x8315177ab297ba92a06054ce80a67ed4dbd7ed3a
Delayed Inbox:   0x4dbd4fc535ac27206064b68ffcf827b0a60bab3f
Sequencer Inbox: 0x1c479675ad559dc151f6ec7ed3fbf8cee79582b6
Outbox proxy:    0x0b9857ae2d4a3dbe74ffe1d7df045bb7f96e4840
Gateway Router:  0x72ce9c846789fdb6fc1f34ac4ad25dd9ef7031ef
Generic gateway: 0xa3a7b6f88361f48403514059f1f16c8e78d60eec

The SequencerInbox and Rollup mutually identify each other and the same Bridge. The DAI gateway uses the Delayed Inbox. A SequencerInbox contract, an off-chain sequencer process, a batch poster and a validator are different roles.

FORK -> AUDIT COUNTERS
SequencerInbox.batchCount:             193542 -> 193542
Bridge.sequencerMessageCount:          193542 -> 193542
SequencerInbox.totalDelayedMessagesRead:841504 -> 841504
Bridge.delayedMessageCount:            841519 -> 841594
Rollup.latestConfirmed:                  5069 -> 5355
Rollup.latestNodeCreated:                5223 -> 5355

Post-fork SequencerBatchDelivered events: zero through the pin.
The only returned post-fork event on SequencerInbox is AdminChanged.
Positive control: the same query found 124 batch events in the last 1,000 pre-fork blocks. The last inherited batch transaction at block 17,232,992 exists on Ethereum with identical calldata:
0xa2650b91820b7a84d3999a4e4cafeab2f2b72f0000bf4a4cfb21bab627691c2b

These checks establish a frozen batch stream in the examined inherited inbox while assertion activity continued. They do not rule out a private node processing inherited data or an entirely different rollup deployment. No independently usable child-chain RPC or complete Nitro replay was established. The inherited chainId 42161 does not make PulseChain's contracts part of Ethereum Arbitrum's current state.

4. WHO HAS AUTHORITY?
Rollup owner and proxy administrator: UpgradeExecutor 0x3fffbadaf827559da092217e474760e2b2c3cedd.
UpgradeExecutor proxy administrator: 5996, 0xb8698cfffdaaf26ca21fe8aa560c18cc2b2f5996.
5996 does not currently hold ADMIN_ROLE or EXECUTOR_ROLE in that implementation. Proxy upgrade authority is a separate control mechanism.

Current proxy administrator of Bridge, SequencerInbox and Outbox:
0xa0b347117a878da9942fa5c31b87c773a2969913.
Delayed Inbox proxy administrator:
0x63a1c70df12ef3d3de17487179465c021de690f4.

Current Outbox implementation:
0x1d60c6bc8afb07518b1112643ad1610c4732f19c.
This is an implementation behind the Outbox, not a separate bridge. Its nonstandard batch execution branch checks a configured caller slot. That slot currently holds fbba, 0xfbba783afda7b41ebb7473a914f0b6eb9f9139f3, matching the second DAI withdrawal caller. This branch is not permissionless. Static analysis of this unverified implementation is bounded; no asset-moving call was simulated or broadcast.

The Rollup has 18 stakers, including 5996, 48Fc, 63a1 and a0b3. Staker status alone is neither batch-poster authority nor common beneficial ownership.

5. MAKER / SKY: ORDINARY BRIDGE VERSUS TELEPORT
The ordinary DAI gateway releases an existing escrow balance. It does not need a fresh Maker governance vote per withdrawal and has no direct pDAI mint authorization.

A separate Teleport path does connect to Maker accounting:
Gateway 0x22218359e78bc34e532b653198894b639ac3ed72
Router  0xeef8b35ed538b6ef7dba82236377ade4204e5115
Join    0x41ca7a7aa2be78cf7cb80c0f4a9bdfbc96e81815
Vat     0x35d1b3f3d7966a1dfe207aa4514c12a259a0492b
DaiJoin 0x9759a6ac90977b93b58547b4a71c78317f391a28

Configured ARB-ONE-A ceiling: 1,000,000 DAI.
ARB-ONE-A domain debt: zero.
Vat.live(): zero.
Verified TeleportJoin code sets effective ceiling to zero when the Vat is caged. With domain debt zero, this path returns a zero-amount mint. A negative prepaid-credit case exists in the code but does not apply to this ARB domain at the pin.
TeleportJoin holds only 1.03 internal DAI, unchanged from the fork, and has zero urn debt.

Gateway, Router and Join have no post-fork logs; their complete indexed histories contain respectively 3, 11 and 20 transactions, all pre-fork. There is no observed post-fork Teleport mint use in this evidence.

This is a real inherited Maker-designed mint architecture, with zero effective current capacity for the examined ARB domain. It is not proof of active Sky governance or a hidden ongoing mint operation. It also is not a universal proof that every possible pDAI issuance path is impossible.

The supposed 5996 Maker-control transaction:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0xffe599d900fe42f2b95155efcf54427f1f760be7c332bbf780b2a8b373b169e5
It calls permissionless DssAutoLine.exec(PSM-USDC-A). The trace contains only a top-level call and one STATICCALL reading Vat.ilks. No Vat mutation, mint, transfer or event occurs. Calling a contract that is a Vat ward does not confer that contract's authority on the caller.

Current wards(5996) and wards(48Fc) are zero on DAI, Vat, DaiJoin, AutoLine, escrow, DAI gateway and governance relay. The remaining identified direct DAI minter is DaiJoin. DaiJoin.exit requires internal Vat credit. Caged Vat blocks ordinary borrowing; exit of existing credit remains distinct.

6. LIBERTY / GODWHALE / 777
Official Liberty documentation labels 0x42ec2a5fc5a23553a353a4219a42dea765877160 its Gasless Support Wallet. The 8ff2 address is an executor EOA, not the router contract.

Confirmed direct funding:
8ff2 -> 77160: 1,500,000 PLS on 11 September 2025.
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x0546596e8a3b2c3eb910a35df1e8a9e0f755b35426346d39a23d1db8c9e05061
77160 -> D8d9: 500,000 PLS on 24 January 2026.
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x6d19703efdeac4659998323ffad27d9da64ae6a60ae5d7c11f32e790be8db7e1

The supplied alleged Godwhale funding transaction is a complete customer order:
16 December 2025 20:40:23 UTC: 77160 relays a signed USDC transferWithAuthorization; 832.510180 USDC moves from f5d7 to 77160.
20:40:35: 77160 sends the same amount into Liberty's Ethereum contract, specifying PulseChain, pDAI and the same f5d7 destination.
20:41:15: 8ff2 settles through Liberty/Piteas; 830.012650 bridged USDC buys 476,873.752499767916878976 pDAI for f5d7.
The 2.497530 USDC difference matches 0.3% to six-decimal rounding.

Customer address: 0xf5d7b1b20288b9052e9cbdbf877a19077edb34d8.
Its Godwhale identity remains an external attribution.
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6684f6ca0936b65f9f4553673f7c158446f8914d7ad965b61e5e397c67fa4d1d
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6eae75929ecdd1ee206a447a18a476d880af33c6d214ed8f181aa576b03ea131
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x780a3dd273b9adb47c04fce119640cf83eb7f6723da0caf26f323f7c8262a4c8
The pDAI came from existing LP liquidity. No mint or Arbitrum gateway appears in that purchase route.

777 main wallet: 0xd4ac95936b55d10e4bc5acdc5511df29f399f777.
Its 1,836-event pDAI ledger reconciles exactly from zero opening balance to 111.271490653469228126 direct pDAI at the pin. The historical peak was 380,339,907.256859848305752329 pDAI, independently balance-checked at block 24,878,218.
Separately it holds 99,947,475.711446144719355720 bPlsDAI lending receipt-token units; liquidity and debt liabilities were not assessed.

Some apparent splits are BetterBank deposits on behalf of 777 itself. A 197M pDAI supply transaction minted 197M bPlsDAI to 777:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x1e935a7b157ae7776dca30d3881ed70593c0d512c4abf290ddc7ce7904217ae3
Other large movements were direct transfers; their recipients' ownership remains unproven.
There were no direct pDAI transfers between 777 and 77160, nor direct normal transactions in the 3,603-record normal history covering all 3,581 outgoing nonces. Indirect and internal connections are not excluded. The claimed side-wallet ownership remains unestablished.

7. CA6F'S REAL LINK TO 48FC
The alleged execution eight days ago occurred on 18 May 2026, at block 26,561,274:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0xccf891d1a3b9399ec9e0ab8019329bec2d08522face0faf4eca27880ef213067

Ca6f called Alexios/Reserve-hyUSD Governor 0x22d7937438b4bbf02f6ca55e3831abb94bd0b6f1, attempting to upgrade BackingManager 0x61691c4181f876dd7e19d6742b367b48aa280ed3 to 0x98122d3682db4e2e869b568178621c90e1d3a712.

48Fc deployed that implementation, proposed its installation, voted for it and queued it. This is a concrete link to the same governance action, not merely use of the same DAO.
Proposal creation:
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x515a010fdb97cf00b6aaa1c7d5050ebd353a0b2cb259087cf1d91642a4e9e03c

Execution reverted with "Proxy: caller is not the admin". The proxy storage has a zero admin under its replacement implementation. No upgrade or asset movement occurred; the proposal remains Queued.
The Governor's execute is permissionless and the Timelock has an open executor role. Therefore this action does not prove Ca6f is owned by or coordinated with 48Fc.

The D8d9 transaction on 6 February 2026 swaps 0.048853 imported WETH through Liberty/Piteas and pays Ca6f 8,971,728.036369973804736784 PLS. It is service settlement, not a direct D8d9 transfer. One intermediate route uses imported Ethereum DAI at 0xefd766ccb38eaf1dfd701853bfce31359239f305. No canonical pDAI transfer occurs.
https://otter.pulsechain.com/tx/0x9d961d5a033c144fea9e17629252118f6d1034510f7ee4b18c9ded29d55a8d91

8. TOKEN AND CHAIN IDENTITIES
PulseChain pDAI: 0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f.
Ethereum DAI uses the same hex address on a different chain.
Imported Ethereum DAI on PulseChain: 0xefd766ccb38eaf1dfd701853bfce31359239f305.
Ethereum bridged pDAI: 0x12d9fe4c9494dc363c6290bfdbb2bd9ed6358c13.
Arbitrum child-chain DAI counterpart: 0xda10009cbd5d07dd0cecc66161fc93d7c9000da1.
These identities are not interchangeable. A token contract holding another token does not make it that other token's escrow.

9. COVERAGE AND LIMITS
Raw public RPC receipts, traces, getters, storage, logs and decoded accounting are retained. No access to Sophia is claimed. No wallet transaction was signed or sent. Root independently reconciled the two escrow withdrawals, the 28-transaction liquidation totals and the frozen sequencer measurements. The last inherited batch was cross-checked against Ethereum.

No full Nitro node replay, proof of the human owners, complete multichain native-funding graph, economic valuation of liquidation proceeds, or full inventory of every alternate L2 deployment was performed. Failures are recorded as unavailable, not converted into zero balances or empty histories. Code containing a mint route is separated from actual use and present capacity.

PRIMARY REFERENCES
https://github.com/sky-ecosystem/arbitrum-dai-bridge/blob/master/README.md
https://github.com/sky-ecosystem/dss-teleport
https://github.com/sky-ecosystem/dss-auto-line/blob/master/src/DssAutoLine.sol
https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/deep-dives/batchposter
https://docs.arbitrum.io/launch-arbitrum-chain/operate/ownership-and-access
https://docs.libertyswap.finance/liberty-swap-2.0/cross-chain-swaps.md
https://gist.github.com/larrythecucumber321/8f17bfb2c0d9e7b3912bf782c1cb6b45
https://github.com/circlefin/stablecoin-evm/blob/master/contracts/v2/FiatTokenV2.sol

ARCHIVE GUIDE
REPORT.txt: this consolidated report.
flows/: escrow transfers, withdrawal proof/root admission, CRV receipt and 28 liquidation transactions.
sequencer/: independently checked counters, positive-control events and Ethereum batch comparison.
rollup/: topology, proxy slots, authority and stakers.
maker/: gateway/mint authority, Teleport state and AutoLine trace.
wallet_links/: Liberty cross-chain order, funding edges and 777 ledger.
governance/: Ca6f failed execution, 48Fc proposal and source/runtime validation metadata.
Third-party source files are referenced by URL; the archive prioritizes raw chain evidence. Manifest hashes detect later file changes, not independently certify source truth.
